Neurosurg Focus. 2012 Mar;32(3):E12.

Vagal nerve stimulation for the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy: a review of the current literature.

Connor DE Jr, Nixon M, Nanda A, Guthikonda B.

Source

Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.

Abstract

OBJECT:

The authors conducted a study to evaluate the published results of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) for medically refractory seizures according to evidence-based criteria.

METHODS:

The authors performed a review of available literature published between 1980 and 2010. Inclusion criteria for articles included more than 10 patients evaluated, average follow-up of 1 or more years, inclusion of medically refractory epilepsy, and consistent preoperative surgical evaluation. Articles were divided into 4 classes of evidence according to criteria established by the American Academy of Neurology.

RESULTS:

A total of 70 publications were reviewed, of which 20 were selected for review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 2 articles that provided Class I evidence, 7 that met criteria for Class II evidence, and 11 that provided Class III evidence. The majority of evidence supports VNS usage in partial epilepsy with a seizure reduction of 50% or more in the majority of cases and freedom from seizure in 6%-27% of patients who responded to stimulation. High stimulation with a gradual increase in VNS stimulation over the first 6 weeks to 3 months postoperatively is well supported by Class I and II data. Predictors of positive response included absence of bilateral interictal epileptiform activity and cortical malformations.

CONCLUSIONS:

Vagal nerve stimulation is a safe and effective alternative for adult and pediatric populations with epilepsy refractory to medical and other surgical management.

PMID:

22380853

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22380853

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